University Financial Problems: Dividing ti
pe Pie
(Second of two articles)
By KENNETH WINTER
Dividing up a skimpy pie is a painful process.
For the last seven years, University officials have had to do
just that. Every spring since 1957, the general-funds appropriation
from the state has fallen well short of the amount the University
feels it needs, and prospects for the appropriation now being
considered-for school year 1964-65-don't look much brighter.
Given these austere appropriations, the best the University
can do is to slice the pie as carefully as possible-making cuts
where they will hurt the least and granting increases where they
are needed the most. The complex budgeting process by which
this is done requires close communication and cooperation between
the upper administration and the leaders of the "budgeting units"
-the departments, schools and colleges who actually spend the
money.
How It Works
The budgeting procedure, as presently followed, began more
than a year before the July 1 start of the fiscal year in which
the money will be used.
Early this summer, the "budgeting units" already were
beginning to think seriously about their budgets for next fall:
Who deserves a promotion, a raise? Will we need more faculty
members? More classroom space? More clerical help? More funds
for anything else?
Each unit answered these questions and made out an itemized
budget request, with every proposed increase indicated. If the
"budgeting unit" is a department, its request first went to that
school's dean.
Each dean reviewed all his deparments' requests, integrating
them into a budget request for his whole school or college. This
is not simply a mechanical function for the dean may disagree
on items in a department's request. Then the department chairman
is called in and negotiations are continued until an agreement
is reached. But finally, early this fall, the schools' and colleges'
requests were completed, and the deans sent them to the Office
of Academic Affairs.
OAA Repeats the Process
Here the same process was repeated on a larger scale. Vice-
president for Academic, Affairs Roger W. Heyns and his staff
reviewed all the deans' requests, negotiated with the deans when
in disagreement, and combined them into the University academic-
operations budget request.
The final step was the Committee on Budget Administration,
composed of University President Harlan Hatcher, Vice-Presidents
Heyns, Marvin L. Niehuss and Wilbur K. Pierpont, and their
assistants. This group, which also reviews other University funds
such as sponsored research, shaped the final budget request to
the state. To the academics operating budget from Heyns' office,
which constitutes by far the major part of the general-operations
fund, it added other operations items, such as building-mainten-
ance requests from Pierpont's Office of Business and Finance.
In making the final decisions, and in writing the 40-page
appropriation request, the budget administration committee also
had to consider other broad decisions: how many students will the
University have next fall? They estimated 28,600. How much
operations money can we expect from student fees and other
sources? They're counting on $14.9 billion. And finally, of course,
what kind of presentation will be most likely to convince Lansing
that the University really needs $47.6 million dollars for 1964-65?
The presentation they decided upon presents many arguments
and statistics, but has two recurrent themes:
-The "steady erosion" of the University's strength due to
"less than adequate" appropriations of the past few years, and
-The uniqueness and prominence of the University among
state schools and the level of support needed to keep it from
becoming "just another tax-supported institution."
To Regents, To Lansing
On Oct. 10, the Regents approved the budget request ant
sent it to Lansing. Although the final decision on the appropriation
won't be made until late next spring, University financial thinking
is by no means dormant during the interim period.
Already the political winds-often rather chilly-are beginning
to drift back from Lansing, providing conflicting and changing
viewpoints as to the size of the forthcoming appropriation. At
the moment, it appears the governor's office is considering recom-
mending an education budget which would give the University
only about one third of the budget increase it seeks. Gov. George
Romney's "blue ribbon" citizens' committee, after studying state
school needs, may recommend a substantially more generous
outlay-but with a per-student appropriating formula which may
hurt the University's appropriation relative to the other state
schools. And there are indications that some legislators are
hatching a plan even more stringent than Romney's, tying ap-
See OFFICIALS, Page 2
COUNTING CONVOYS
IN BERLIN
See Editorial Page
CJ' r
I nk A
4E a iti,
FAIR
High-5s
Low-42
Sunny and
continued mild
Seventy-Three Years of Editorial Freedom
EIGHT PAGES
VOL. LXXIV, No. 59
ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN, FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 8, 1963
SEVEN CENTS
EIGHT PAGES
LEWIS, SMILEY:
Civil Rightists Extend Activity
U.S. Extends Recognition Romney Mayor Hold
T 17: R~ i.- u U~
By ROBERT GRODY
"The South is involved in a real
social revolution, aimed at basic
social and political structure, not
just getting a hamburger or a
theatre ticket," John Lewis, na-
tional chairman of the Student
Non-Violating Coordinating Com-
mittee, said last night.
Lewis addressed yesterday's pro-
test rally at the League Mall
against police brutality and har-
rassment of civil rights workers in
the South. The rally was part of
ahnational protest, initiated by
Voice political party and Universi-
ty Friends of SNCC.
He explained that the civil
rights struggle is directed against
a "vicious system." Civil rights
movements are involved with in-
stitutions not dealing with differ-
ences among people, he noted.
Social Action
"For this reason," Lewis ex-
plained, "SNCC's motives and
goals are positive social action."
This action takes the form of lit-
eracy programs and voter registra-
tion projects in the South, he said.
with the South. Northern organi-
zations, called Friends of SNCC,
participate in fund-raising and
other projects to help SNCC/work-
ers get Southern Negroes to reg-
ister to vote, Lewis noted.
Voter registration in the South
for Negroes is not an easy thing,
he said.
"The situation in Mississippi
amounts to socio-economic slav-
ery. In the state of Mississippi, out
of 400,000 voting-age Negroes, 20,-
000 are registered," he commented.
Hard Time
Lewis does not anticipate an
easy time for the voter registra-
tion activities of SNCC in the im-
mediate future, unless some dras-
tic changes take place.
"Before Southern Negroes get
the right to vote, there will have
to be a legal showdown between
the federal and state governments
reminiscent of the siutation in
Birmingham," he said.
The most formidable remaining
obstacle Lewis cited to the voter
registration program is the social
and economic pressure placed on
Negroes who try to register.
"Many small southern communi-
ties are quasi-police states, with
each agency and institution in
the society controlled by one man,"
Lewis said.
Lose Jobs
Teachers who try to register are
fired. Workers in the cotton belt
of Mississippi and Alabama can
lose their only source of livelihood
if they try to vote, he claimed.
SNCC's plans for the immediate
future, this winter and the fol-
lowing summer, include a massive
drive to get as many Southern
Negroes registered as possible, in
time for the national elections of
1964, Lewis disclosed.
SNCC now is canvassing north-
ern universities in order to get
volunteer voter registration work-
ers from among their student bod-
ies, he added.
Prediet Accord
In Space Race
UNITED NATIONS (P)-Diplo-
matic sources said last night that
the Soviet Union and the United
States had agreed on legal prin-
ciples to givern the exploration of
outer space.
The informants said the prin-
By ROBERT HIPPLER c
"The civil rights effort, which
is reaching maturity today, is not
a new thing-demonstrations and
sit-ins have occurred in our coun-
try since the 1930's and before,"
Glen Smiley, noted lecturer and
authority on civil rights, said yes-
terday.
Smiley is field secretary of the
Fellowship of Reconciliation, an
organization dedicated to improv-
ing race relations through non-
violent action.
Speaking to a meeting of the
fellowship's Ann Arbor chapter,
Smiley went on to say that "to-
day, however, as the civil rights
movement reaches fruition, three
things must be recognized:
Equal Rights
"First, a powerful protest in
search of equal rights is inevit-
able in a country where the pro-
testing, maligned minority has
gained the economic, political and
educational status necessary to
make its presence felt.
"Second," he went on, "in the
United States today, the Negro
minority, long maligned and dih-
criminated against, has gained
enough stature to make its pres-
ence felt. The Negro revolt has
thus gained maturity, and must
be recognized.
"Third," he said, "the non-vio-
lent nature of the Negro civil
rights struggle equips it with a
Y 4ilnen~h anti a c ofn n' 'ea., l',s
WASHINGTON (P)-The United States yesterday recognized the
new provisional government of South Viet Nam, the State Depart-
ment announced.
The move followed by one day a request from the new military-
backed regime for a continuation and strengthening of relations
Discussion on Chances
Of Ta-.x Reform Change
GLEN SMILEY
. .. non-violence
Urges Stand
.For Negro
By NELSON LANDE
Senate Votes
$1191
To Prohibit
Aid to Tito
WASHINGTON (MP)-The Senate,
voted last night to prohibit any
military or economic aid to Yugo-
slavia and to keep the lid on as-
sistance to Indonesia, whose lead-
er was denounced as "corrupt."
The voice vote action on Yugo-
slavia was taken after compara-
tively short debate and -without
objection from Sen. J. W. Ful-
bright (D-Ark), floor manager of
the bill. Sen. William Proxmire
(D-Wis) said it was designed to
cut off all aid to that country ex-
cept surplus foods.
Ends Discretionary Power
It would remove the discretion-
ary power the President now has
to give military or economic aid
to Yugoslavia. However, it does
not touch the controversial issue
of most-favored treatment in trade
with Yugoslavia.
Proxmire also sponsored the
move to prohibit resumption of
now suspended aid to Indonesia
unless the President should deter-
mine it essential to United States
national interest and notifies Con-
gress beforehand.
Approval of the Yugoslavia and
Inonesia amendments came as the
Senate rolled into its first night
session on the aid authorization
bill.
Fishing Pressure
Earlier, the Senate voted 57 to
29 to ban foreign aid to any na-
tion that asserts jurisdiction for
fishing purposes over the high
seas off its coasts farther than
the United States recognizes.
This move, sponsored by Sen.
Thomas H. Kuchel (R-Calif), was
aimed mainly at Ecuador, Chile
and Peru which have claimed jur-
isdiction 200 miles seaward. Kuch-
said some American vessels have
been seized in that area and their
crews fined and sentenced to pris-
on, and it's high time to make
clear "we will not help nations
that violate freedom of the seas."
between the two countries. United
States officials said the consulta-
tions on all United States aid pro-
grams to South Viet Nam will
take place in Saigon with the
appropriate officials of the gov-
ernment.
Slow Down
Important aid programs had
been slowed down during the last
month of President Ngo Dinh
Diem's regime which fell in a
military coup last Friday.
State Department press officerl
Robert J. McCloskey said that
Ambassador Henry Cabot Lodge
in Saigon delivered the formal
note replying to the Viet Nam re-
quest for recognition.
The United States action fol-
lowed by a few hours Great Bri-
tain's recognitionof the military,
regime in Saigon.
Informants said the British am-
bassador in Saigon, Gordon Ether-
ington-Smith, had informed the
government of Mguyen Ngoc Tho
of the fact.
Etherington-Smith informed the
Saigon government of Britain's
desire to maintain cordial rela-
tions with the regime that re-
placed the administration of lhe
late President Ngo Dinh Diem
after last weeken's upheavel.
Strong Hope
McCloskey's statement said: "In
its note the United States gov-
ernment states that it shares with
the provisional government of the
Republic of Viet Nam the strong
hope that the cordial relations be-
tween our two countries will con-
tinue as in the past and develop
further to our mutual benefit in
the future."
The recognition procedure was
advanced somewhat over original
expectations here although there
never was any doubt that the
United States would recognize the
new regime.
GRAIN DEAL ON?
Russians Mai
By The Associated Press
MOSCOW - The Russians
trundled four silvery ground-to-
air rockets of a new design
through Red Square in a Revolu-
tionary Day parade yesterday and
Riecken Says Scholars
Fail To View Future
By LAUREN BAHR
Few social scientists speculate enough into the future as
they take too passive a stance about its problems, Henry W.
Riecken, assistant director for social sciences of the National
Science Foundation, declared yesterday.
Speaking to a Mental Health Research Institute seminar,
Riecken attributed this reluctance to entertain intellectually
radical ideas to a fear of being called utopians or writers of
"social science fiction."
The selection of projects seems to be guided more by the
criteria of the "club," the social scientist's peers, than by the
meaningfulness of the problem, he charged.
Not Rational
Further, the choice of the problem is not entirely rational
and scientific, but seems to be guided by the researcher's knowl-
edge and interests, Riecken said.
"An attempt must be made to look speculatively into
problems that have not yet occured and have not yet been
fully realized," he asserted.
Social scientists look upon social problems as things that
must be explained, not controlled, he continued. It is important
that they look into the problems of rapid social change. This
applied social science calls for intellectual and radical enter-
prise, he noted.
People and Relationships
Such problems deal with people and relationships, he
explained. "What is demanded of researchers are practical
suggestions to help and advise those who are concerned with
these problems and not the formal, scholarly, sometimes anti-
quarian interests of the various fields in the social sciences,"
Riecker declared.
The social sciences are currently underdeveloped, he con-
tinued. The problem it faces are complex, techniques crude
See RIECKEN, Page 2
rk Revolution, Hold Parade
"We are trying to get more guns p 411U naa / 'ofw"'pui""
because next time we are going vastly superior to those of the
all the way, to prove that white advocator s of violence."
people can die just like Negroes," Like FOR
civil rights activist Harold Reape Smiley noted that the philoso-
asserted last night. phy of the non-violent Negro civil
Speaking before the Socialist rights efforts is similar to that
Club, he cited events showing that of his Fellowship of Reconcilia-
Negroes must arm themselves in tion.
self-defense if they are to end "Our philosophy," he said, "is
racial persecution. that every human being has
It is exactly this prejudice that something within him-a rational,
I wants thiszpre rie non-violent element-that can be
he wnsto publicize. The prime reachied.
example is the fact that Southern r miceyh
courts treat Negroes much less Smiley explained that the weap-
fairly than whites. onry system of non-violence has
Face .hatwo features. First, he said, it is
Charges vastly more effective than the
Along with other members of weapons of violence. Second, he
the Monroe Youth Faction Com- explained, it must necessarily en-
mission, a Monroe, N.C., civil tail at times what is called "civil
rights organization, he is facing disobedience."
a charge of kidnapping a white "One often necessary feature of
woman. non-violent action is 'civil dis-
On Aug. 27, 1961, the police obedience' - breaking of various
chief in Monroe told church con- existing laws," Smiley said.
gregations to send racists uptown "The law," he explained, "is
because of impending demonstra- not always perfect. Sometimes the
tions. In the. following clash, only way to change an unjust law,
James Farmer, secretary of the such as many that have been pre-
SNCC, tried to get a white girl valent in the South, is to draw
sympathizing with the Negroes attention to it by breaking it."
into a car containing two colored
people. The police threatened toC
shoot Farmer with his own gun. KALEIDOSCOPE
Somebody struck the policeman
and "at the sight of blood, the
mob came in closer. Some people
were left in pools of blood." o ric 's F
That night, a mob congregatedI
around Williams' house. A whitey
woman, afraid of being attacked, The World's Fair, a "Kaleido-
demanded protection within. Two scope of Nations," sponsored by
hours later, according to Reape, the University's International Stu-
she drove away. "To my knowl- dent Association, will have its an-
edge," he asserted, "no harm came nual presentation today and to-
to her." Three days later, she morrow in the Michigan Union.
charged that Williams had kid- The Fair will feature displays
napped her. and variety shows representing the
Black Muslim Means broad range of customs and coun-
tisfrom the Far East to Western
Reape later said that he be- Europe.
lieves in the means of the Black There will be five variety shows.
Muslim movement, and, as a courperformances of "Hootenanny by
of last resort, their ends. But he Telstar" will highlight the Fair.
refused to follow Elijah Muham- "Hootenanny by Telstar" will in-
med, asserting that all Negroes lude ritual dancing, folk dancing
are leaders. "We want a leader and folk singing from all over the
who is ready to act today, not world.
tomorrow." There will also be booths set up
Concessions
To Detroit
May Come
Metropolitan Area
Democratic Votes
Could Save Tax Plan
By THOMAS COPI
Gov. George Romney indicated
yesterday that he is willing to
make some changes in his fiscal
reform program and some con-
cessions to Detroit.
Romney said after an early
morning meeting with Detroit
Mayor Jerome P. Cav.nagh that
he may ask for legislation em-
powering Wayne County to levy
non-property taxes not pre-empt-
ed by the State.
This could include such things
as taxes on amusements, room
occupancy and services.
No Announcement
The governor, after a two-hour
breakfast meeting with Cvan-
agh, Sen. Charles S. Blondy (D-
Detroit), and other city and coun-
ty officials, did not say what con-
cessions he was making to Detroit
or what recommendations he
would make to the Legislature, but
did say that any recommendations
would be designed to meet the
city's objections to his fiscal re-
form program.
Cavanagh has claimed that en-
actment of the governor's present
program would mean a loss of be-
tween $9/ and $11%V2 million for
the Detroit area, although Rom-
ney sets the probable loss at
around $4 million.
Blondy said that there is no
question that Romney will lose
some of his Republican support if
he "sweetens .up the package for
Detroit." However, Blondy added,
the governor knows how many
Republican votes he can count on
and how many Democratic votes
he will need for passage of a pro-
gram.
Vote Count
Sen. John T. Bowman (D-Rose-
ville) summed up the situation in
the Senate, saying that "there are
11 Democrats in the Senate, two
of which won't vote for any Rom-
ney program. This leaves she gov-
ernor with a maximum of nine
Democratic votes. Out of the 23
Republicans in the House, 11 sup-
port the program as it now stands,
but some may withdraw their sup-
port if many changes are made
in it."
Eighteen votes are needed for
passage in the Senate.
"It's hard to say what kind of
support Romney will have for any
new program 'ecause no one
knows what it'll be like," Bow-
man said.
Tough Chance
"It will be tough to pass any-
thing now, however," he admitted.
"Time is of the essence," Sen-
ate majority leader Stanley G.
I Thayer (R-Ann Arbor) noted.
"Thr n.v not h nouwh time
OF NATIONS:
'air Reveals Customs
represented them as potent anti-
missile missiles.
Tass said they were guided in-
terceptors "capable of hitting any
up-to-date air space attack weap-
ons." Radio Moscow said they
"can attain hits on all means of
air and space attack."
Three Hour Show
Premier Nikita S. Khrushchev
watched the three-hour show in
gray, chilly weather from a re-
viewing stand atop Lenin's tomb,
then was host at a reception at
the Kremlin for about 2000 per-
sons, including a score of 3meri-
can industrial leaders who are
visiting Moscow.
At the reception he saluted the
leaders and indicated the Soviet-
American grain deal may go
through after all.
"I got the news that the grain
dealers in America have made a
reasonable approachh and )erhaps
we can reach agreement after all,"
he said.
The Soviet Union has been dick-
ering for $250 million in American
wheat but the rate for transporta-
tion in United States ships has
been a stumbling block. Khrush-
chev said Wednesday the deal
. _ .1_1 1 l' 1 . . . .. . .. a. .C. - _. . s
J. Herman van Roijen, the
Netherlands ambassador, handed
a note to G. Griffith Johnson,
assistant secretary of state for
economic affairs, on behalf of 10
European nations and Japan.
"I expressed our concern that
this purely commercial transaction
has been tied to the preferential
condition in favor of American
shipping," van Roijen told re-
porters after a 20-minute confer-
ence with Johnson.
Conservatives
SufferDefeat
In By-Election
LONDON (P)-Prime Minister
Sir Alec Douglas-Home's Conserv-
ative government lost a seat in
Parliament yesterday in a special
election that boosted the opposi-
tion Labor party's political pros-
pects.
Laborite Will Howie, running in
the English industrial city of Lu-
+rt" +11-a+h a nn +a Tnr-
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